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请拿了“读语文”的“硕士”--“湖海山人”答“硕士入学考试”卷 (3人在浏览)

玄海拾贝

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“湖海山人”,你说我诋毁你的名誉,现在有个机会给你表现你的“硕士”水平了。若你能通过“入学考试”,不管你说的是真是假,我都承认你的学历,并在论坛公开向你道歉!请将你的答案发上论坛,以供大家参考。(备考时间为三天,72个小时)

全日制汉语国际教育硕士专业学位研究生入学考试
汉语国际教育基础试卷

请将答案写在答题纸相应的位置上。考试时间为180分钟。

壹 中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识(共80分)
一、填空题(每小题1分,共30分)
1.中国第一部纪传体通史是《 __________》。
2.秦始皇统一中国后,下令全国通用的汉字标准字体是 __________ 。
3.出土大量甲骨文的“殷墟”位于现河南 __________ 境内。
4.《格尔尼卡》是画家 __________ 最著名的绘画作品之一。
5.中国的四大发明中,出现年代最早的是 __________。
6.中国思想史上,把法、术、势思想有机结合起来,成为法家集大成人物的是 __________ 。
7.京剧中,表示刚正稳健人物性格的脸谱颜色是 __________ 。
8.佛教的创始人是 __________ 。
9.在中国,举行观灯、舞龙、耍狮等习俗活动的传统节日是 __________ 。
10.中国古代著名的水利工程都江堰建于 __________ 时期。
11.与汉族早期长篇史诗不发达的情况不同,中国少数民族中往往流传着反映其早期历史的长诗,《格萨尔》就是__________ 族的著名史诗。
12.《 __________》 是明代修撰的一部最大的类书,原书22937卷,可惜因历史浩劫,散毁殆尽。
13.被称为“亚圣”的儒家代表人物是 ____________________ 。
14.中国最早的一部诗歌总集是《 ____________________ 》。
15.中医四诊法是指望、闻、问、__________ 。
16.中国第一篇现代白话小说是《 __________ 》。
17.被誉为“诗中有画,画中有诗”的唐代著名诗人是 __________ 。
18.中国书法史上的楷书四大家是指颜真卿、__________、欧阳询、赵孟?#092;。
19.耶路撒冷旧城是__________ 、伊斯兰教和基督教三大宗教发源地,三教都把耶路撒冷视为圣地。
20.中国戏剧中角色四大基本行包括生、旦、__________、丑。
21.二十四节气歌谣里,“夏满芒夏暑相连”中的“芒”指的是 __________ 。
22.位居唐宋八大家之首的是__________ 。
23.王勃《滕王阁序》中,“落霞与孤鹜齐飞”的下一句是 __________ 。
24.中国的最高立法机关是 __________ 。
25.美国是一个多种族组成的国家,其中native American所指的族群是 __________ 。
26.中国现存最早的神话故事集是《 __________ 》。
27.浮世绘是 __________ 国的一种传统绘画艺术。
28.刘禹锡《陋室铭》中有一句话“无丝竹之乱耳”,这里的“丝”相当于西方音乐中的 __________ 。
29.英语Dragon Boat Festival,指的是中国的传统节日 。
30.一个人对另一个人说话时,至少涉及三种意义,即字面意义、说话者意图和   __________。

二、判断题(每小题1分,共15分)(用X表示错误,用√表示正确)
( )1.“万园之园”圆明园在第二次鸦片战争期间被八国联军烧毁。
( )2.印度尼西亚是世界上穆斯林人口最多的国家。
( )3.中国文官制度的基础是科举制。
( )4.位于博斯普鲁斯海峡两岸的土耳其首都伊斯坦布尔是一个横跨欧亚两洲的城市。
( )5.苗族的吊脚楼是一种土木结构式的建筑。
( )6.汉传佛教又被称为大乘佛教,藏传佛教又被称为小乘佛教。
( )7.英国是一个君主立宪制国家,议会分为上议院和下议院。
( )8.明清时期的共同语被称为“官话”。
( )9.《楚辞》创造了“赋、比、兴”三种艺术表现方法。
( )10.在日本,简化楷书,取其片断,形成的是平假名。
( )11.旗袍是民国初年在满族妇女传统服饰的基础上改造而成。
( )12.西安是著名的“丝绸之路”的起点,广州是“海上丝绸之路”的起点。
( )13.猫王埃尔维斯-普雷斯利是二十世纪七十至八十年代美国最著名的摇滚歌手。
( )14.我国古人观测天象的目的是用天象的变化预卜人间的祸福。
( )15.中国传统的哲学观念中,提出“中庸”这一价值原则的人是孔子。

三、选择题(每小题1分,共35分)
( )1.元朝初年王应麟编写的儿童识字教材是__________。
A.《百家姓》 B.《千字文》 C.《急就章》  D.《三字经》
( )2.东巴文是 族经师使用的一种古老的象形文字。
A.纳西 B.东乡 C.门巴 D.景颇
( )3.以下哪位文化名人不是法国人?
A.哲学家萨特 B.作曲家比才 C.作家卡夫卡 D.画家莫奈
( )4.我国古代的成人礼一般称作 __________ 。
A.婚礼 B.冠礼 C.宾礼 D.吉礼
( )5.伶人行的祖师是 __________ 。
A.唐明皇 B.关汉卿 C.王实甫 D.宋徽宗
( )6.人们把乡土气息较浓的烹饪精品称为“名特小吃”,如北京的涮羊肉、广州的龙虎斗、西安的__________ 等。
A.佛跳墙 B.灯影牛肉 C.羊肉泡馍 D.小笼包
( )7.我国商界信奉财神,传说财神是 __________ 。
A.黄道婆 B.太上老君 C.关羽 D.赵公明
( )8.刘禹锡《乌衣巷》“旧时王谢堂前燕”中的“王谢”两个世家大族,生活在 __________ 。
A.东吴 B.东汉 C.西晋 D.东晋
( )9.唐代最有名的大型舞蹈是 。
A.《胡旋》 B.《凉州》 C.《绿腰》 D.《霓裳羽衣舞》
( )10.歌手 __________的音乐风格比较多地受到了节奏蓝调(R&B)和饶舌(Rap)的影响?
A.周杰伦   B.李宗盛 C.王光良 D.周传雄
( )11.被称为中国封建社会的百科全书、古典小说顶峰的作品是 。
A.《三国演义》 B.《金瓶梅》  C.《水浒传》  D.《红楼梦》
( )12.半坡遗址属于以彩陶为代表的 __________ 。
A.仰韶文化 B.龙山文化 C.红山文化 D.良渚文化
( )13.中国古代专制时代控制人身自由最基层的组织形式是 。
A.什伍里甲制度 B.郡县制度 C.户籍制度 D.宗法制
( )14. __________ 主要生活在我国湖北、湖南、重庆等地。
A.侗族 B.土家族 C.畲族 D.水族
( )15.由于火山爆发而毁灭的庞贝古城属于 __________ 文明。
A.古埃及 B.古希腊 C.两河 D.古罗马
( )16.以下哪一部不是海明威的作品?
A.《生命中不能承受之轻》 B.《太阳照样升起》
C.《永别了,武器》 D.《乞力马扎罗的雪》
( )17.小说《倾城之恋》的作者是女作家 __________ 。
A.冰心 B.丁玲 C.池莉 D.张爱玲
( )18.签署《京都议定书》的目的是为了 __________ 。
A.保护臭氧层不受破坏 B.减少温室气体的排放
C.限制商业性捕鲸行为 D.保护濒危野生动物的生存环境
( )19.《老子•五十八章》说:“祸兮福所倚,福兮祸所伏。”这句话体现出的中国传统思维模式是 __________ 。
A.整体思维 B.类比思维 C.辩证思维 D.抽象思维
( )20.以下哪个国家不与中国接壤?
A.泰国 B.缅甸 C.老挝 D.越南
( )21.塞伦盖蒂野生动物动物保护区主要位于 __________ 。
A.坦桑尼亚 B.肯尼亚 C.南非 D.赞比亚
( )22.中国文化与域外文化第一次大规模交流与融合发生在__________ 。
A.秦汉时期 B.汉唐时期 C.宋明时期 D.明清时期
( )23.唐代画家中被称为“画圣”的是__________ 。
A.李思训 B.吴道子 C.闫立本 D.韩干
( )24.经学是中国文化的渊薮,经学典籍主要是“五经”,即 __________ 。
A、《诗》、《书》、《礼》,《乐》、《易》
B、《书》、《礼》,《乐》、《春秋》、《左传》
C、《书》、《诗》、《礼》,《大学》、《论语》
D、《易》、《书》、《诗》、《礼》、《春秋》
( )25.理学改变了汉唐以来注疏五经的传统,讲求义理,探讨身心性命修养。宋代理学理气论、心性论的集大成者是 __________ 。
A.程颐 B.程颢 C.朱熹 D.王阳明
( )26.拥有宜家、爱立信、沃尔沃等国际知名品牌的北欧国家,其货币名称为 __________ 。
A.盾 B.比索 C.瑞士法郎 D.克朗
( )27.巴西的官方语言是 __________ 。
A.西班牙语 B.英语 C.葡萄牙语 D.法语
( )28.唐代以后,__________ 成为中国佛教最为流行的宗派。
A.华严宗 B.天台宗 C.法相宗 D.禅宗
( )29.以下哪一个不是长城上的关隘?
A.居庸关  B.雁门关   C.函谷关  D.娘子关
( )30.不属于中国传统绘画所遵循的美学原则的是 。
A.焦点透视 B.散点透视 C.以大观小 D.遗貌取神
( )31.著名音乐家肖邦是 __________人。
A.德国 B.奥地利 C.波兰 D.捷克
( )32.世界上最早的纸币“交子”出现于 __________ 。
A.唐代 B.宋代 C.元代 D.明代
( )33.华夏族最终形成于 __________。
A.夏 B.商 C.汉 D.春秋战国
( )34.道教的创始人是 __________ 。
A.老子 B.葛洪 C.张陵 D.张角
( )35.文化休克主要出现在对目的语文化适应过程的 __________ 。
A.观光期 B.挫折期 C.逐渐适应期 D.完全复原期

贰 教育学、心理学及语言教学基础知识(共30分)
四、填空题(每小题1分,共10分)
1.学生的群体差异和_______差异影响学与教的过程。
2.教育心理学研究认为,焦虑水平与学习效率之间的关系呈倒 __________ 字形曲线。
3.认知心理学把人的记忆系统分为瞬时记忆、_________________和长时记忆三个子系统。
4.教学方法是教师为了完成教学任务而采用的方法,既包括教的方法,也涉及 __________ 的方法,是教和学的统一。
5.教学方法中,与“注入式”相对立的教学指导思想是__________ 。
6.教学过程的三个基本要素有 __________ 、学生和教学内容。
7.语言是人类最重要的交际工具;国际汉语教学的根本目的是培养学习者的____________。
8.HSK的全称是 ---------------- 。
9.许多外语学习者在其外语达到一定水平以后,在一段时间内可能会出现止步不前的情况,这种现象被称为 现象。
10.按照测试目的,语言测试分为水平测试、---------------- 、诊断测试和潜能测试等。
五、判断题(每小题1分,共10分)(用X表示错误,用√表示正确)

( )1.识记是记忆过程的第一个基本环节。
( )2.兴趣对活动的推动所产生的效果的兴趣品质是兴趣效能。
( )3.表情动作与语言不同,它不是人际交往的工具。
( )4.影响课程发展的外部因素主要包括知识、社会要求与条件、学生这三个方面。
( )5.教育目的就是培养目标。
( )6.教学评价是一种价值判断,难免偏颇,因此它不是一项科学的评价手段。
( )7.语言要素教学中的所谓“语言要素”指的是语素、词、句子。
( )8.美国语言教育家克拉申(Krashen)对第二语言习得提出了一系列假说,其中最著名的有监控假说和普通语法假说等。
( )9.汉语作为第二语言教学与汉语作为外语教学的差别在于学习者的学习环境不同。
( )10.母语对第二语言学习的影响有积极的一面,也有消极的一面,这种现象通常称为语言的迁移。

六、选择题(每小题1分,共10分)
( )1.个人以亲身经历的、发生在一定时间和地点的事件或特定的情景为内容的记忆是 ---------------- 。
A.词汇记忆 B.语义记忆 C.情景记忆 D.抽象记忆
( )2.人脑对客观事物间接的、概括的反映是 ---------------- 。
A.气质 B.思维 C.情感 D.感觉
( )3.下列心理现象中属于认识过程的是 ---------------- 。
A.情绪 B.性格 C.记忆 D.兴趣
( )4.以学生为中心的教学中,---------------- 。
A.学生处于教学活动的中心 B.教师应尽量满足学生的要求
C.学生的作用大于教师 D.学生是主动的,教师是被动的
( )5.以下不属于教学模式类型的是 ---------------- 。
A.传递-接受式 B.自学-辅导式 C.引导-发现式 D.注入-启发式
( )6.以下----------------不是教育评价三项主要功能之一。
A.导向作用 B.鉴定作用 C.激励作用 D.惩戒作用
( )7.第二语言教学中通常所谓的“听说读写”指的是四种 ----------------。
A.语言知识 B.语言技能 C.语言变体 D.语言表现
( )8.听说法的语言学基础是----------------语言学。
A.历史比较 B.转换生成 C.结构主义 D.功能主义
( )9.通常把介于母语和目的语之间的过渡语言系统称为 。
A.中介语 B.过渡语 C.双语 D.洋泾浜语
( )10.影响第二语言学习的情感因素主要是 ---------------- 。
A.喜欢和厌恶  B.容忍倾向与排他倾向
C.动机和态度  D.沉思型与冲动型

叁 案例分析与写作(共40分)
七、请根据以下材料,按照“发现问题――分析问题――解决问题”的思路,写一篇1500字以上的案例分析,要求观点明确、材料充实、结构严谨、条理清楚、语言规范、卷面清洁。

材料:
李晓雨是云南大学的一名毕业生,毕业后通过汉办的志愿者选拔,被派往泰国,成为一名汉语教师志愿者。她性格一直比较开朗,所以当她只身一人前往泰国北部的一个中学任教时,也是满怀憧憬;但是她却发现来机场接她的学校人员对她很冷漠,从机场到学校8个小时的路途上几乎没与她说一句话。她知道绝不是因为语言不通。李晓雨是个爱说爱笑的人,她几次想打破沉默,但一直不明白自己到底在什么地方得罪了来接她的人,还是别人根本不想和自己说话。她只好一个人看着车窗外本来很美但不再觉得美的景色。到了目的地,司机和接待的人把她放到一间小房子里,就走了。房间里只有一张平板床,没有任何铺盖。一个初来乍到的女孩,好几个小时没吃饭,没喝水,又不知道商店在那里,身上也没有当地的钱币。晓雨真的有些受不了了,趴在床板上泪水忍不住簌簌而下。她问自己到底做错了什么,为什么别人对自己如此冷漠,为什么和她想象中热情好客的泰国人差距这么大。第一天到学校上班,她的感觉仍然不好,似乎每个学生和老师都对她很冷,没有真诚的微笑,没有主动的招呼。这下可把晓雨急坏了,她开始注意自己每一个细小的举止言行,生怕别人不喜欢。她一直觉得是因为自己做得还不够好,所以别人不接受自己,甚至不接收中文老师的课程。
晓雨是个倔强、好强的女孩。她不服输,认真地向泰国老师学习他们对待学生和同事的方式,积极参加他们的各种活动。有一次她在办公室里看到一个30岁左右的女教师批改了一个学生的作业之后在那个初中学生的脸颊上亲吻了一下。晓雨觉得自己长这么大从来没接受甚至看到过老师亲吻学生的,然而在这里她发现效果真的很好,那个老师和学生的关系非常融洽和谐。在那个教师的鼓励下,她也开始尝试亲吻学生的脸颊,她发现效果出人意料的好!越来越多的人认识了晓雨并成为了她的朋友。她慢慢体会了到冰在融化的感觉。有一次一个老教师来问她是否要去参加学校的升国旗活动,她爽快地回答说:“好啊!”那位老教师有些惊讶地说:“你们中国来的老师不是不愿意参加我们的升国旗仪式吗?你是真的愿意还是假的?”她坚定地说:“我愿意!”从那之后,她每周都很早来到升泰国国旗的地方集合。老师们和同学们对她的态度都发生了很大的变化,这次升旗成了一个分水岭。
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真是无聊。不同的院校和研究院出的题目根本不同。况且你这样出题,人家完全可以找答案给你,哪有开卷考试的?
 
这也不是语文教育的研究生招考题。这些题方向很宽,是属于对外汉语的。
 
QUOTE(谁是最悲哀 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 04:53 PM)
真是无聊。不同的院校和研究院出的题目根本不同。况且你这样出题,人家完全可以找答案给你,哪有开卷考试的?
[snapback]3046678[/snapback]​



不要紧,有些答案是找不到的。只要答卷了就好。
 
QUOTE(谁是最悲哀 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 04:56 PM)
这也不是语文教育的研究生招考题。这些题方向很宽,是属于对外汉语的。
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你没有看到仅仅是入学考试卷吗?连“汉语国际教育基础试卷”的能力都没有的话,还能“拿”文凭吗?这个水平可是硕士毕业两年前的要求哟!!!!!
 
QUOTE(玄海拾贝 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 05:01 PM)
你没有看到仅仅是入学考试卷吗?连“汉语国际教育基础试卷”的能力都没有的话,还能“拿”文凭吗?这个水平可是硕士毕业两年前的要求哟!!!!!
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不同的专业研究风向,只有少部分内容是交叉的。
 
QUOTE(谁是最悲哀 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 05:09 PM)
不同的专业研究风向,只有少部分内容是交叉的。
[snapback]3046700[/snapback]​



我估计你是读中文的,不会连你也不行吧?
 
QUOTE(玄海拾贝 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 05:17 PM)
我估计你是读中文的,不会连你也不行吧?
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大学校门是怎么样的,我都不知。我是粗人一个。但是我的弟弟考过,他拿中大的和暨大的文艺学试题比较过,所考的内容方向很多不同。大师,我只是实话实说。不信,你可以自己找。很多大学经常考自己院校研究方向的题目,有些甚至考本校教授所出学术专著的内容。
 
也不撒泡屎照下自己有没有资格考别人?
自己连什么专业应该考什么不应该考什么都不知道,还想当当考官。
这样的题目,对我来说,不过小菜一碟。
 
QUOTE(谁是最悲哀 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 05:26 PM)
大学校门是怎么样的,我都不知。我是粗人一个。但是我的弟弟考过,他拿中大的和暨大的文艺学试题比较过,所考的内容方向很多不同。大师,我只是实话实说。不信,你可以自己找。很多大学经常考自己院校研究方向的题目,有些甚至考本校教授所出学术专著的内容。
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我相信你说的,你没看到是全国试卷?就像你全国普通高考试卷一样,不管是北京的还是广东的,都是大家所公认的入学资格。只要通过了当地的考试,广东的考生同样被北京上海录取,对吧?
 
考高学历白领人士的试之前最好你们双方都到深圳和四中乐叔打几局高尔夫球适应下
 
QUOTE(湖海山人 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 05:37 PM)
也不撒泡屎照下自己有没有资格考别人?
自己连什么专业考什么都不清楚应该考什么,不应该考什么都不知道,还想当当考官。
这样的题目,对我来说,不过小菜一碟
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好得很!恭候拜读你的大作了!
 
教育硕士入学的专业科根本就没有什么全国卷,都是每校出题的。公共科英语、教育学、心理学是全国统考的。
 
QUOTE(湖海山人 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 05:40 PM)
专业教育硕士入学的专业科根本就没有什么全国卷,都是每校出题的。公共科英语、教育学、心理学是全国统考的。
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你的意思是要再考一份“公共英语”卷了?
 
专业科一般是研究生招生本校出的。公共科才是全国统一的试卷。况且公共科录取时分数很低的,一般55分以上就行了。讨论这些并且用来证明一个人的学历也没什么意思。曾在全国的教授中考过试,所出的题目是属于所教专业领域的题,但还有40%的教授考不及格,这也说明不了什么。
 
QUOTE(谁是最悲哀 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 05:52 PM)
专业科一般是研究生招生本校出的。公共科才是全国统一的试卷。况且公共科录取时分数很低的,一般55分以上就行了。讨论这些并且用来证明一个人的学历也没什么意思。曾在全国的教授中考过试,所出的题目是属于所教专业领域的题,但还有40%的教授考不及格,这也说明不了什么。
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其中英语科在名校最低录取分数是40分。
专业硕士(如果教育硕士、工程硕士类)的英语科最低录取分数线在西部地区的甚至低至32分。
那位癣药膏大师没有考过这些试,根本不了解这些情况。
 
你考别人,谁来考你?可笑!
 
学语文的教育硕士和普通的语言学硕士与文学硕士考试的内容不同,要求不一样,没有考过入学试的人根本就不知道。
不懂的人以为教育学硕士和教育硕士也是一回事,还以为考试的内容也是一样的。
 
QUOTE(dqbp @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 06:14 PM)
你考别人,谁来考你?可笑!
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我没读过硕士,所以没必要考。
 
QUOTE(dqbp @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 06:14 PM)
你考别人,谁来考你?可笑!
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考是可以的,问题是他不会出题,不会评卷。
 
QUOTE(湖海山人 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 06:16 PM)
学语文的教育硕士和普通的语言学硕士与文学硕士考试的内容不同,要求不一样,没有考过入学试的人根本就不知道。
不懂的人以为教育学硕士和教育硕士也是一回事,还以为考试的内容也是一样的。
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千万别打退堂鼓!我还在等着看你的大作呢!届时我再道歉,好吗?
 
QUOTE(玄海拾贝 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 06:17 PM)
我没读过硕士,所以没必要考。
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你敢去考吗?你考得上吗?
 
QUOTE(湖海山人 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 05:37 PM)
也不撒泡屎照下自己有没有资格考别人?
自己连什么专业应该考什么不应该考什么都不知道,还想当当考官。
这样的题目,对我来说,不过小菜一碟
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公共英语试题来了!

XX年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷


Sections I Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blanks and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases ___1____ the trial of Rosemary West.
In a significant ____2___ of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a ____3___ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses ____4 ___and will strictly control the amount of ____5 ___that can be given to a case ____6___ a trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said the he _____7 __with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not_____8 __ sufficient control. 
____9___ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a ____10___ of media protest when he said the ____11___ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges _____12 __ to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which ____13___ the European Convention on Human Rights legally ____14___ in Britain, laid down that everybody was ____15___ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
“Press freedoms will be in safe hands ____16___ our British judges.” He said.
Witness payments became an ____17___ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were ____18___ to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised ____19___ ;witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ____20 ___guilty verdicts.
1.
A. as to B. for instance C. in particular D. such as
2.
A. tightening B. intensifying C. focusing D. fastening
3.
A. sketch B. rough C. preliminary D. draft
4.
A. illogical B. illegal C. improbable D. improper
5.
A. publicity B. penalty C. popularity D. peculiarity
6.
A. since B. if C. before D. as
7.
A. sided B. shared C. complied D. agreed
8.
A. present B. offer C. manifest D. indicate
9.
A. Release B. Publication C. Printing D. Exposure
10.
A. storm B. rage C. flare D. flash
11.
A. translation B. interpretation C. exhibition D. demonstration
12.
A. better than B. other than C. rather than D. sooner than
13.
A. changes B. makes C. sets D. turns
14.
A. binding B. convincing C. restraining D. sustaining
15.
A. authorized B. credited C. entitled D. qualified
16.
A. with B. to C. from D. by
17.
A. impact B. incident C. inference D. issue
18.
A. stated B. remarked C. said D. told
19.
A. what B. when C. which D. that
20.
A. assure B. confide C. ensure D. guarantee

Sections II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory (NT) became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately world flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t jut something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”
The full import may take a while to sink in. the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens aliketrying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia―where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part―other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the U. S. and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death―probably by a deadly injection or pill―to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means ;he can get on with living without the haunting fear lf his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks.” He says.
 
21.From the second paragraph we learn that ...
A.the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries.
B.physicians and citizens have the same view on euthanasia.
C.technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law.
D. it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed.
22.By saying that “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling” (Line 11-12, Paragraph 2), the author means that ...
A.observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia.
B.there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the U. S. and Canada.
C.observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure.
D. the process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a stop.
23.When Lloyd Nickson is close to death, he will ...
A.undergo a “cooling off” period of seven days.
B.experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient.
C.have an intense fear of terrible suffering.
D. face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia.
24.What is the author’s attitude towards euthanasia?
A.Hostile. B. Suspicious. C. Approving. D. Indifferent.
25.We can infer from the text that the success of the right-to-die movement is ...
A. only a matter of time. B. far from certain.
C. just an illusion. D. a fading hope.
Text 2
Much of the language used to describe monetary;policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.  
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5; in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment―the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic;models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation 26.According to the text, making monetary policy changes ...
26.According to the text, making monetary policy changes ...
A.is comparable to driving a car.
B.is similar to carrying out scientific work.
C.will not influence the economy immediately.
D. will have an immediate impact on the inflation rate.
27.From the text we learn that ...
A.there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest rates.
B.the economy always follows particular trends.
C.the current economic problems are entirely predictable.
D. the present economic situation is better than expected.
28.The text suggests that ...
A.the previous economic models are still applicable.
B.an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.
C.a high unemployment rate will result from inflation.
D. interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.
29.By saying “This is no flash in the pan” (Line 7, Paragraph 3), the author implies that ...
A.the low inflation rate will continue. B.the inflation rate will rise again.
C.inflation will disappear entirely. D. there is no inflation at present. 
30.How does the author feel about the present situation?
A.Tolerant. B.Indifferent. C.Disappointed. D. Surprised.
Text 3
In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they’re looking for.
Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of ;doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet.
Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools t hat allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 to 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.
31.We learn from the beginning of the text the Web business.
A.has been ;striving to expand its market. B.intended to follow a fanciful fashion.
C.tried but in vain to control the market. D. has been booming for one year or so.
32.Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that
A.the technology is popular with many Web users.
B.businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions.
C.there is a radical change in strategy.  
D. It is accessible limitedly to established partners.
33.In the view of Net purists,
A.there should be no marketing messages in online culture.
B.money making should be given priority to on the Web.
C.the Web should be able to function as the television set.
D. there should be no online commercial information without requests.
34.We learn from the last paragraph that ...
A.pushing information on the;Web is essential to Internet commerce.
B.interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers.
C.Leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago.
D. Setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power.
35.The purpose of the author in writing the text is to ...
A. urge active participation in online business.
B. elaborate on various marketing strategies.
C. compare web business with traditional commerce. 
D. illustrate the transition from the pull to push strategy.
Text 4
In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labor” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generations after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community expect that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholder’s meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
  The “shareholders” as such had to knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. 
36.The author says that old family firms...
A.were ruined by the younger generations.
B.failed for lack of individual initiative.
C.lacked efficiency compared with modern companies.
D. were able to supply adequate services to taxpayers.  
37.The growth of limited liability companies resulted in ...
A.the separation of capital from management.
B.the ownership of capital by managers.
C.the emergence of capital and labour as two classes.
D. The participation of shareholders in land ownership.
38.The text indicates that ...
A.some countries developed quickly because of their limited liability companies.
B.the tide of industrialization benefited British shareholders greatly.
C.shareholders contributed a lot to the fast growth of the British economy.
D. the system of shareholding impaired the management of modern companies.
39.We learn from the text that ...
A.shareholders often cast negative influences on the well-being of workers.
B.owners of traditional firm enjoyed a good relationship with their employees.
C.limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly.
D. trade unions had a positive role between workers and the management.  
40.The author appears to be very critical of ...
A.family firm owners B.shareholders
C.managers. D. landowners.
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41―45, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41) _____. Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.  
42) _____. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds;of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.
43) _____. There are also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
44 _____. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast. 
45 _____. About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.
[A] The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.
Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.
[C] The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.
[D] The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.
[E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and&, nbsp;among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the starfishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.
[F] When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones , or shell become embedded and preserved.
[G] Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.
PartC
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually pout. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 46) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 47) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people―for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “I don’t like this contract”? 
The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 48) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 49) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kinds think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake―a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans. This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning―the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl―is to weight others’ interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 50) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
Section III Writing
Part A
51.Directions:
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1)detailed information about the books you want,
2)methods of payment,
3)time and way of delivery.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER ;SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52.Directions:
Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay to ...
1)describe the pictures,
2)deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures, and ,
3)suggest counter-measures.
You should write about 160―200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing
Section III Ability of Translation
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community expect that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholder’s meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
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我在想,可不可以叫版主出个有奖猜测的帖~
大家猜猜这场战争啥时候才停息~

如果嫌这个猜测活动太没文化的话,还可以猜猜停息的背景原因(如政治原因文化原因经济原因等等等等),最好写个论文出来,供各位当事大师们评论,顺便帮助我等没啥文化的人提高提高个人素质再顺便努力朝治国人才方向发展~
一不小心发展得好了,估计以后中国就不会对世界造成啥威胁了再一不小心可以向世界输出治国人才再再一不小心就天下一家世界就大同了~

真是美哉~哈哈哈~
 
QUOTE(玄海拾贝 @ 2010年10月20日 Wednesday, 06:17 PM)
我没读过硕士,所以没必要考。
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活脱脱一个自大狂。
 

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