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在阴暗冰冷的海底世界中，珊瑚礁毫无疑问更像一片仙境：五颜六色的海洋动物游弋于奇形怪状的珊瑚丛中，构成了美丽的海中热带雨林景观。珊瑚礁被视为地球上最古老、最多姿多彩也最珍贵的生态系统之一。珊瑚礁在全球海洋中所占面积虽然不足 0.25%， 但它却是海洋中生物多样性和生产力最高的水域，许多海洋生物都选择珊瑚礁作为安身立命之所，珊瑚礁因而被誉为海洋中的“热带雨林”和海上长城。据科学家统计，超过四分之一的已知海洋鱼类靠珊瑚礁生活。在澳大利亚著名的大堡礁珊瑚群，至少生活着400多种珊瑚、 1000 多种鱼类和100多种软体动物。生活在珊瑚周围的鱼学名为珊瑚礁鱼，但常常被叫做热带鱼。它们的体态变化万千，色彩鲜艳夺目，并具有许多不同的生活形态：有的栖息在珊瑚的分枝间或礁洞里有的在珊瑚礁上巡游，有的则攀附在海扇或海鞭上，或潜伏于底质里。其生态行为和食性方面的特化都相当明显，为珊瑚礁生态系统增添了许多动态之美。热带鱼通过变色与伪装来保护自己。在深海，鱼类为保护自己，体色一般都很单调。但是游弋在珊瑚礁周围的鱼类，几乎都是色彩斑斓，体态万千。珊瑚鱼为了保护自己，它们的体色和周围环境极其相似，经常能以假乱真，躲避凶险。
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